Polyester is the trade name of polyester fiber in our country. Polyester fiber has different trade names abroad: it is called Trilon in the United Kingdom, Dacron in the United States, Deteron in Japan, and Lafsan in the former Soviet Union. Polyester macromolecules contain ester groups, so they are called polyester fibers. Polyester fibers typically consist of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In addition, there are polyester fibers mainly composed of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
Polyester - Polyester fibers include filaments and staple fibers. This article mainly introduces the production of polyester filament. First, the development situation and trend of polyester filament Polyester is produced by British J. R Winfield and J. T Dilson invented in 1941. Polyester macromolecules not only have rigid benzene rings, but also have aliphatic chain links, so they can be melt-processed, and their macromolecules are rigid enough to give fibers a high initial modulus. Therefore, in 1947, the British Chemical Industry Corporation (ICI) carried out industrialization experiments; First, industrialized polyester production was carried out; subsequently, Germany's Hearst, ENKA and Glasdorf, France's Lomporang, Italy's Montedi, Japan's Toray and Teijin all introduced the United Kingdom. technology, which was put into production in the late 1950s. In the first few years, the production of staple fibers developed rapidly, and in the period 1960-1985, the development of filaments was rapid. Yield has increased by an average of 314 percent per year, compared to only 178 percent for short fibers. With the development of the chemical industry, synthetic fibers have developed rapidly, and the output of polyester has remained the same since it jumped to the top of the world's synthetic fibers in 1972. In 2007, the global output of polyester fiber was 30.7 million tons, of which polyester filament was 18.3 million tons. The industrialized production of polyester fibers in my country developed relatively late. 1965. The output of polyester fiber is only 1∞ tons, accounting for about 1.92 percent of the total output of synthetic fiber in the country. Since the 1970s, polyester fiber production equipment and technology have been introduced on a large scale, and mass production has been carried out in a short period of time. From 1996 to 2003, the output of polyester filament in my country grew faster than that of staple fiber, with an average annual increase of 820,000 tons, accounting for more than half of the world's average annual increase, becoming the main country driving the growth of polyester fiber in the world. In 2007, my country's polyester filament output was 12.2 million tons, and China's total polyester output accounted for 62.5 percent of the world's total, making it the world's largest polyester filament producer. my country's polyester filament not only develops rapidly, but also pays attention to the development of new products. In 2007, the differentiation rate of fibers reached 48.5 percent . my country's annual output of 150,000 to 200,000 tons of large-scale polyester complete sets has reached the international advanced level of similar products. The unit investment of 10,000 tons has dropped from 8:5 million during the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and "Ninth Five-Year Plan" to 13 million yuan. The unit investment down 85 percent . During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, of the 15.62 million tons of polyester newly built, 75 percent of the production capacity uses my country's independent research and development technology, and the other 25 percent is constructed by foreign countries, but 60 percent to 70 percent of them still use domestic technical equipment. my country's self-developed polyester filament and staple fiber production technology has reduced unit investment by 92 percent compared with the "Ninth Five-Year Plan". Since the beginning of the 21st century, the advanced production capacity represented by the "large capacity, high starting point, low investment" domestic polyester project and "multi-head, high-efficiency, low-consumption, precision, and flexible" spinning technology has developed rapidly. By the end of 2007, it had accounted for 83.5 percent of the production capacity of the device. Looking at the development process of polyester filament production technology in my country, although the industry started late, after more than 40 years of development, it has become the world's largest producer of polyester filament, and has been developing new products, forming a fiber differentiation rate system, and complete equipment. Significant progress has been made in terms of localization, investment rate per 10,000 tons, and independent research and development capabilities. At the same time, we also see that there are still some problems in the current situation of polyester filament technology in my country compared with foreign developed countries.
The development trend of polyester filament chemical fiber production equipment is developing in the direction of higher speed, high efficiency and high quality, large{{0}}scale continuous short process, automatic labor saving, multi-purpose flexibility of one machine, multi-functional fine fiber composite and modular structure of equipment unit. . From the perspective of production scale, the world polyester technology is developing towards a larger economic scale. With the expansion of the capacity of a single series, the investment cost of polyester per 10,000 tons has decreased proportionally. For example, the average production capacity of the top 30 polyester manufacturers in the world has reached 360,000 tons per year, and the largest DuPont has reached 1.4 million tons per year. From the perspective of process flow and spinning speed, the process flow is simplified and the spinning speed is high. In addition to the traditional POY-DTY two-step process technology of polyester filament, with the development of mechatronics technology, the mechanical speed of the winding head has developed from 4000m/min to 6000m/min, 8000m/min, and is testing 12000m/min. Through continuous process research, different forms of spinning and drawing one-step processes have emerged, such as HGS (hot roll drawing) process with a spinning speed of 4500m/min; in recent years, TCS heat pipe spinning has attracted attention, especially It is suitable for spinning fine fiber filaments; HCS (heat pipe drawing method) launched by JBDE company in Germany also has good development prospects; HSS (super high-speed spinning) has no godet and relies entirely on the friction between the silk and the air. Spinning and drawing one-step process, the spinning speed reaches 7000m/min. Spinning has developed from chip spinning to melt direct spinning. At present, the linear density of filaments using the direct spinning process can reach 0.3 to 0.5 dtex. The production varieties are developing towards differentiated and functional fibers, mainly in form (fine fiber, special-shaped section, etc.), high performance (high strength, high modulus, low shrinkage, etc.), high function (high sensitivity, hygroscopicity, moisture permeability and waterproofness, etc.) Antistatic and electrical conductivity, ion exchange and antibacterial properties, etc.) several major modification directions. By developing new products to improve the value of products, the pursuit of profit maximization. Fine fiberization and specialization are important trends in the development of polyester fibers. Using composite spinning technology or adding certain components for modification, the fiber has the functions of flame retardant, antibacterial, anti-mildew, antistatic, anti-ultraviolet, far-infrared fiber and so on. From the perspective of polyester composition, polyester fibers are developing towards new products. At present, there are various varieties of polyester fibers. In addition to the conventional varieties of PET, there are PBT, PTT and PEN. In addition, in order to adapt to the development of information industry, life science, environmental protection industry and other fields, research and develop corresponding fiber materials. Polyester is also actively expanding into these fields, such as surgical sutures, artificial blood vessels, artificial lungs, and degradable polyester fibers.
With the development of science and technology, the technology of polyester production has gradually become mature, and the basic characteristics are large-scale, high-speed production, continuous production, automatic control, variety diversification, fine line density, and functionalization.
